International Journal of Design Sciences & Technology
The International Journal of Design Sciences and Technology is an independent and open platform for disseminating design knowledge. The design of new products leads to solve problems with solutions that are still partial, using tools and methods that are still rudimentary. Design is applied in extremely varied fields and involves numerous agents during the entire process of elaboration and realisation. The International Journal of Design Sciences and Technology is a multidisciplinary forum dealing with all facets and fields of design. It endeavours to provide a framework with which to support debates on different social, economic, political, historical, pedagogical, philosophical, scientific and technological issues surrounding design and their implications for both professional and educational design environments. The focus is on both general as well as specific design issues, at the level of design ideas, experiments and applications. IJDST has been published since 1991 by Europia (ISSN: 1630-7267). It has been accredited, since 2016, by the Agence d'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur (AERES, French Agency for the Evaluation of Research and Higher Education) and by the Conseil national des universités 71e section (CNU71, French National Council of Universities, section 71: Communication and Information Sciences).
Intentionality in user experience design
The impossibility of modeling a future experience , due to its singular, subjective and unintentional character, leads us in this research to question what is "designable". With this research problem, we will empirically collect data from a creativity session on the experiences of various runners. The analysis of this data will lead, in an interpretative logic, to the elaboration of a systemic and dynamic conceptual model of the "designable" dimensions in a future experience.
The path of donkeys: When the unintentional draws paths
In this article, rather than focusing on the limits of nID (non Intentionnel Design), we propose a more epistemological questioning aimed at redefining the perimeter of the concept of intentionality in the creative process of architectural and urban planning projects. Drawing on a phenomenological approach, we aim to demonstrate that intentionality is inherent in every act of architectural design, and that even when the design is the result of a certain serendipity (arising from the use and practices of urban spaces), different levels of intentionality can be detected. This postulate, which we take as the starting point for our thinking, may seem provocative, since it runs counter to the direction advocated by the symposium. However, it is based on Le Corbusier's famous phrase, “The curved street is the donkey's path, the straight street the man's path” . To underpin our argument, we develop the article in three stages: first, we introduce a few definitional notions around intentionality drawn from the literature, so as to mobilize them conceptually in the exercise of architectural and urban design. Finally, we conclude with a comparative analysis of project activity in contrasting cases, and the different actionist postures and interpretative systems induced.
A Premediation of Brexit: Genesis, Circulation and Naturalization of an Emblem
How does an image become an emblem representing an event? What is the process that allows a visual form to incarnate and reduce the complexity of an event? The paper explores the transformation of a stock shot (the lowering of the Union Jack in front of the European Commission) into a visual form representing the event of Brexit in its entirety. The image circulated widely on TV and on the Web between 2016 and 2021, as observed in the database of the research project CROBORA. We traced the genealogy of this sequence, employing diverse analytical perspectives and methods, including video detection tools. A Sherlock Holmes-style indexical investigation–as Carlo Ginzburg would say–that enabled us to study the path going from genesis to naturalization. Particularly, the circulation of the image is associated with the emotional effects it triggered. Interestingly, the sequence of the Union Jack that circulates most often in the European media is not that of the recording of a ceremony intentionally designed to decree the exit of the UK from the EU, but a generic shot realized several month before the Brexit referendum itself, thus anticipating the event and “premediating” it by waving its specter in front of the public. We show how its circulation creates an emblem by its vast mediatization through the screens.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Design Sciences & Technology
Designing Cultural Participatory Platforms as Multi-Space Environments: A Cross-Media Approach
This paper explores the evolving landscape of cultural participatory platforms. Scientific research on this subject tends to identify and describe two opposing phenomena: on the one hand, amateur platforms rooted in participatory culture, and on the other, institutional platforms, often embodied as crowdsourcing tools. We argue for the interest in overcoming this opposition and for studying the circulation across distinct digital spaces with diverse affordances. Based on the concept of ‘cross-media,’ we aim to propose a new theoretical and empirical approach for analyzing and designing cultural participatory platforms. A complex methodology, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, is defined to analyze the different digital (amateur and institutional) spaces related to the 1 Day 1 Soldier project. Building upon this case study, this paper contributes a theoretical and empirical framework for understanding participatory platforms as dynamic, multi-space environments that accommodate diverse collective and individual needs.
Mexican College Teacher’s Job Satisfaction During the Covid-19 Pandemic Represented Through a Technostress Matrix
The Covid-19 pandemic that swept through higher education institutions between 2020-2021 forced a number of different changes in Mexican university teachers. A digital survey with an ad hoc technostress scale was responded by 176 Mexican higher education teachers to measure their perceived technostress levels. The quantitative results were then used to create a simple classification matrix were the teachers were categorically divided in four different groups so as to identify which group was the most and least technostressed as well as most and least satisfied with their jobs.
Minority Languages on the Web: Digital Literacy in Indigenous Communities
In spite of the declarations of proponents of a Web understood as a global space, governed by laws aiming to ensure universal access, the question of the representativeness of linguistic minorities remains eminently political. From there, it is legitimate to ask to what extent the Web can be a place for indigenous communities expressing themselves through minority languages. In order to question the presence of minority languages on the Web, this paper will focus on different projects developed by or with indigenous communities. Through these examples, the possibilities of mutualisation and the transferability of these innovations will be discussed.
CO2 Emissions and Road Traffic in Paris: Study, Modelling and Visualisation for a Better Environmental Understanding
The environmental impact of human activities is a major problem in today's society, attracting increasing attention in the world of research. Among these activities, road traffic stands out for its significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). These emissions play a crucial role in global warming, which is why it is so important to understand and quantify them. We have conducted an in-depth study to estimate CO2 emissions from road traffic in the Paris metropolitan area and developed an intuitive visualization tool for these data. Our ultimate goal is to develop an eco-friendly navigation application guiding users along the most ecological routes. For this, we are planning to implement a hybrid deep learning (CNN-LSTM) model [16], whose architecture was outlined in our previous work. This model aims to use both historical and real-time traffic data for predictions. Yet, understanding the factors affecting CO2 emissions on Paris streets, and how traffic reshapes these emissions, is an essential preliminary step. This article focuses on our algorithm for estimating CO2 emissions in relation to road traffic in Paris. This in-house developed algorithm is used to generate data that we then analyse and visualise to derive meaningful information. We describe in detail the process of creating this algorithm: from the definition of the input parameters, through the various stages of calculation, to the management of the challenges associated with its construction. However, the purpose of our prediction model is to provide more accurate interpretations of the data generated using our algorithm. Additionally, data visualization tools are crucial to make this information understandable and actionable. In order to better understand this data, we are using several types of visual representation. We will also show how these generated estimates are integrated into our visualisation application, providing users with an intuitive visual representation of the distribution of CO2 emissions along the different roads in the city. Finally, we will discuss how our visualisation tool can be improved to enhance the user experience, improve understanding of the data and raise awareness of the environmental footprint of urban traffic.
The Indefinite Idea Plane Artistically Considered
Some computational tools intended to educate, illuminate, persuade, or to facilitate scholarship create diagrammatic representations of concepts and ideas. This abstraction, which I call the “indefinite idea plane,” often consist of boxes and arrows. Alternative approaches that have been neglected may be found in art and architecture. If an office building “must be every inch a proud and soaring thing,” what should we expect of an idea plane unfettered by material physics?
Full-stack User-Centered Approach for Wearable technology design
Wearables are easing the transition towards a personalized medicine, bringing healthcare to anyone, anytime and anywhere by removing locational, time and other restraints, while increasing its coverage, customization and quality. For wearable devices, the human factors are essential in all the phases; from conception to subsequent design development. Current solutions are cumbersome and, despite they are designed according to standardized guidelines, they are developed for skilled users (physicians or engineers), without taking into consideration the real actors who will use and wear them: the patients. This paper aims to describe a new full-stack approach integrating design and technology requirements for the development of wearable systems, and applying this for a new system dedicated to rehabilitation, based on a modular textile sensing platform fitting to different users and applications.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Design Sciences & Technology
Orienting Through the Variety of Novelty Metrics
Assessing creativity of generated ideas is of crucial importance for both design research and early detection of potential innovations. By the identification of the most acknowledged novelty metrics used for creativity-related assessments in the field of engineering design, this paper aims at providing crucial information to orient through the variety of alternatives. A systematic literature review is performed by relying on the Scopus search engine, and a search strategy based on both practical and quality-related screening procedures. The identified contributions are then classified in terms of both creativity and novelty concepts. A set of 140 papers has been reviewed, where a subset of 37 mentioned or proposed novelty metrics has been considered. A map of the metrics has been obtained, in terms of creativity types, novelty concepts and metric types. Although it is possible to find comprehensive reviews about creativity concepts and related metrics, contributions focused on novelty metrics are currently lacking. This is the first contribution that focuses on a wide set of novelty concepts and related metrics, by mapping them to support metric selection.
Copyright (c) 2021 International Journal of Design Sciences & Technology
Using block chain to drive the transformation of digital cultural heritage resources into digital assets in China
Digital cultural heritage resources in China are being transformed into digital assets. Protecting the intellectual property of these resources requires creating digital identity and certificate storage methods that are compatible with different management needs. Based on the latest policies on integrating cultural heritage, science and technology, and block chain development in China, this paper summarizes the key current issues related to protecting the intellectual property of digital cultural heritage. Based on that, the paper analyzes the innovative development cases of applying block chain technology to digital identities and the certificate storage of cultural relics. This paper explores the creation of a digital identity and certificate storage management system for cultural relics, based on block chain and multi-modal data, the innovative development of the asset trust mechanism formed by digital cultural heritage on the Internet of value, and the driving effect involved in transforming digital cultural heritage into digital assets.
digital identity and certificate storage
The horse has a ®-MARKABLE ability to adapt to its environment. Its use, by man, to accomplish difficult, thankless or strategic tasks has always made it an undeniable asset, to understand and experience its environment. However, in relation to this question of unintentional design that we will try to deal with in this paper, it is already perhaps this form of apparatus necessary for living beings, which will provoke — ®-START in man — this necessary questioning about the living beings that surround him but escape him, while making him aware of this obligatory distancing device to identify and ®-CONNECT himself as a human being. An I subject to the world... Finally, the horse is to be understood here as an external body grafted to our own body, forcing it to drift. And we will question this question of drifting from the artwork i-REAL. i-REAL1 is a digital and hypermedia artwork that mixes RV environments triggered with cards — i-RELATED with / from the social network Instagram2 and entered / placed on Pinterest3 — on a gameplay between U-&-i. i-REAL is ®-PLAYING over and over again with these cards and dice. By rolling the dice, which will rotate the 3 PART-i of this U-&-i game board4, the PLAY-® triggers connections that open — with the cards — the RV worlds5. Clues scattered on the cards, the board, social networks and in VR environments can unlock a blockchain and a crypto-currency... i-REAL is constantly branching out by dissemination on several networks — on several worlds — questioning us about the relevance of a U-&-i master: An AI is also under development... Our body is now a body of flesh and a body of data, straddling the tangible world and the intangible worlds. Between blockchain, bitcoins and other digital traces left on networks and Internet, our full of U-&-i are dispersed, physically dislocated in as many digital bodies that we are potentially able to experiment through our sensory and sensitive explorations.
Systemic Design Methodology applied to hazelnut processing
The manufacturing sector needs to change its linear production model to provide an answer to sustainability requirements. Systemic Design integrates systems thinking in the design approach and can represent an effective methodology to design different solutions at system level and obtain a circular and blue economy. This paper wants to test and validate the specific methodology and assess the benefits created at environmental and socio-economic level. Through the application to a case study in the agri-food sector, the hazelnut processing in Piedmont Region, all the eight steps of the methodology are presented and the outcomes are critically evaluated. The case study shows limits of this methodology, such as the necessity to map the current situation and to involve many actors and stakeholders in the process. However, the application in the case-study highlights many opportunities for the use and transformation at local level of by-products and their environmental and economic benefits.
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Design Sciences & Technology
Semantic Analysis and 3D Generation of Buildings and Cities
The Urban Ontology implementation of buildings and cities, say the urban fabric, could be described as a structured formal knowledge composed of both (1) a group of elemental portions of urban fabric, defined urban elements, and (2) a set of relations between those urban elements. Afterwards is considered the UrbanGen system that interprets the Ontology to generate portions of urban fabric. The software allows the user to vary some urban elements or relations, and to verify such new urban fabrics that are generated; at this point of the process, the phase of verification of the method and the phase of design overlap. In order to highlight the potential of the method used, and to verify the correctness of the determination of unity of knowledge, we set up the inverse exercise of the construction of urban fabrics through the use of UrbanGen. To this aim, we analyse some existing urban fabrics, and deconstruct them, reducing them to individual urban elements and relations that bind them. UrbanGen introduces and uses the urban template to model the requirements and the options of projects. An application to generate and evaluate design alternative for an eco-industrial park is introduced and discussed.
A-Posteriori Novelty Metrics Based on Idea Decomposition
Novelty assessment procedures based on a-posteriori rationales are often used to extract useful information about creativity and/or idea generation effectiveness. In this context, the metric proposed by Shah and colleagues in 2003 (SNM), is one of the most used in design research. However, scholars highlighted some non-negligible flaws and also possible variants have been proposed, claimed to improve the original version. The aim of this paper is to perform a systematic literature review about the SNM variants, in order to verify whether the acknowledged flaws of the metric have been overcome or not. As a result, this paper highlights that the problems affecting the original SNM version have not been comprehensively resolved, and the different variants proposed in literature can even present some additional flaws. Accordingly, a comprehensive list of pros and cons of the reviewed metrics has been reported, thus providing fundamental information to support accurate metric selection.
A Comprehensive Optimization Approach for Modular Facades: The Case of PULSE Sunshading
It is well established in literature that computational intelligence-based decision support methodologies are able to efficiently support design decisions in complexity-defined environments. In this paper, we follow a case-based research methodology to develop and propose a comprehensive decision support system for treating complex design problems pertaining to large-scale building facades. The overall approach is based on the well-known combination of geometry generation via parametric models, performance assessments via numeric calculations and/or simulations, optimization via search algorithms. The specific challenge of this case focuses on the high-dimensionality of the decision space, which makes the computational process difficult to manage. The proposed method tackles this challenge in the parametric model and in the performance assessment. Specifically, the proposed method is initialized with parametric design techniques that enable managing the excessive amount of decision variables associated with complex facade design projects. A parallel computation scheme and simulation parameter estimation study enables carrying out the complex computations necessary to establish design performance. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is then used to identify non-dominated solutions to the facade design problem. The performance of the proposed method is shown and validated in an application to a real- world design case study. The case study is a facade design problem for a new building in the university campus of Delft University of Technology. The facade features a striking large glass area protected by an innovative shading elements composed by hundreds of double-curved elements, each one different from the others. Its design includes inputs from research groups and design professionals collaborating in an extensive research effort, which parametric models and performance assessments had to incorporate. The proposed decision making approach has as a result a range of promising facade configurations in accordance to multi-objective optimization premise that are effective in negotiating indoor daylight conditions, while being economically feasible to the extent allowed by the design space. The paper closes by discussing potential limitations of the proposed method, as well as extensions to deal with the latter.
computational intelligence-based decision support
The Role of Design in Design Intensive Start-ups
This paper analyzes the role of design in start-ups that focus on design as the primary source of value creation. These “design-intensive start-ups” (DIS) have, to-date, received little attention, in either the entrepreneurial or the design related literature. In particular, our explorative study focuses on how do DIS leverage design in the first years of the venture and suggests that this type of start-ups use design to: transform the meaning of the product/service offered, provide a different socio-cultural narrative af the how value can be created, incorporate the social-capital in the value proposition. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Validating design principles for creative collaboration
Design Science Research (DSR) lacks accepted validation approaches to validate its outcomes (design principles and design solutions). The quality of such a validation has to be ensured so that the outcomes of DSR are as methodologically thorough and as practically relevant as possible. This study introduces a pragmatic validation approach to ensure the quality of design principles. It uses a three-step approach, combining (1) evaluating the design solution as a case in practice, (2) qualifying the implementation of the set of design principles, and (3) assessing the validity of evaluation and qualification results. The validation approach is illustrated by assessing the evaluation results of a creativity facilitation course (design solution) developed according to a set of design principles
Integral BEMS controlled LVPP in the smart grid: An approach to a complex distributed system of the built environment for sustainability
The Built Environment is the most complex distributed system with its energy networks. It has a huge impact on ecology and economy as it is responsible for nearly 40% of the total energy use and the related emissions. There is growing interest in the proliferation of smart grid technologies to enable the growth of renewable energy installations both on a distributed basis as well as at the utility scale. Renewable energy, like wind and solar power, are depending on the weather conditions. This causes fluctuations in supply which can lead to instability of the electricity grids. Therefor there is a need of flexibility on the demand side. Office buildings, which consume relatively more energy than residential buildings, are a potential source of energy flexibility which can be offered to the Smart Grid as a local virtual power plant (LVPP) to reduce uncertainty and optimize interaction with the Smart Grid. An integral framework for interactive process control is presented based on the combination of state-of-the-art process control Building Energy Management System (BEMS) and future support by multi-agent systems. The proposed LVPP-BEMS concept is tested and validated in an office building.
Dimensioning and tolerancing by the coloured contacts method
The dimensions chain method, very used in mechanical design, makes it possible to determine the dimensions of the parts on which depend the clearances necessary in the mechanism they constitute. Unfortunately, no method can correctly determine the places in the mechanism in which these clearances must be introduced and configured. This remains dependent on the intuition of the designer who must, in addition, make a particular drawing of the mechanism that exaggerates these clearances. Errors are frequent. The presented coloured contacts method makes it possible to identify, in a systematic and exhaustive way, the functional clearances for the mechanism and then the dimensions of the parts on which they depend. This method represents a major advance for the functional dimensioning and tolerancing of the mechanisms. It is accompanied here by a method of calculating tolerance intervals of distances and dimensions on a relatively complex example.
Computation as ‘Intervention’: A Systematic Review of ‘Outcome’
‘Meta-analysis’, a quantitative technique widely used for the systematic review of randomised control trials in medicine, is deployed as a method to identify studies which investigate computer aided design software as an ‘intervention’ with causality, complexity and creativity as design ‘outcomes’. The paper hypothesises ‘a cause-and-effect’ relationship between ‘tools’ and design ‘outcome’ and infers that, contrary to held beliefs, tools are not passive; there may-be a design phenomenon of tool-linked ‘causality’. To this end Heidegger’s text on the act of ‘revealing’ surrounding the use of technology was deductively used. The study then links the issue of tools to design creativity through a two-stage process. First, creativity domains were culled from seminal works. Second, the impact of computer tools on creative problem-solving and ideation was examined empirically through an original design algorithm developed by the author. In brief, computer-augmented creativity in design is feasible for form finding, complexity optimisation and ideation variety.
Rethinking The Performance of Envelopes in Architecture
The paper’s objective is to propose a redefinition of the notion of ‘envelope’ in architecture that goes beyond the common definitions of ‘building skin’ or ‘façade.’ The intention is to ground the notion of ‘envelope’, within the context of contemporary discourse on ‘performance’ in architecture, as an extended threshold that affects humans’ experience of architectural space. This is done through four thematic sections: [a] discussion of selected conceptual approaches to the notion of envelopes based on literature study; [b] a proposed taxonomy of envelope types based on an analysis of built and unbuilt projects; [c] research-bydesign inquiry by way of designing performative envelopes, and [d] formulation of a resulting position including a synthesized conceptual and methodological approach for the purpose of further development. The aim is to initiate a design approach that intensifies the interrelation between interior and exterior through specific performance foci.
A meaningful mapping approach for the complex design
Developing the ability to manage complexity has become an essential element for the training of designers. In such a context, complexity mainly arises from the need to integrate knowledge and expertise. The project is grounded in a hypothesis of systematizing Meaningful Learning Activities with computer applications dedicated to the elaboration of cognitive maps, in order to develop the ability to manage the complexity of high-interaction flows which can be found in the project of energy efficiency in historic buildings. This paper focuses on two experimental courses, with the aim to assess the formative approach adopted. The results highlight an innovative procedure and a tool helpful both to trainers and to learners to assess and direct the quality of the complex design process.